Copyright and Additional Copies ii
Foreword iii
Preface and Acknowledgments iv
Preface to 4th Reprinting v
Recommended References x

INTRODUCTION 1
MINERALOGY 1
Chemical Composition
Crystal Structure
HISTORICAL 4
REFERENCES 13

INTRODUCTION 17
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 17
Group 1 (S4R) 18
Analcime
Phillipsite
Gismondine
Laumontite
Group 2 (S6R) 27
Erionite
Offretite
Sodalite
Group 3 (D4R) 28
Zeolite A
Group 4 (D6R) 30
Faujasite and Faujasite-type Structures
Chabazite
Group 5 (T₅O₁₀ Units) 33
Natrolite, Scolecite, Mesolite
Thomsonite, Gonnardite, Edingtonite
Group 6 (T₈0₁₆ Units) 34
Mordenite
Dachiardite, Ferrierite
Group 7 (T₁₀O₂₀ Units) 37
Heulandite, Clinoptilolite
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 42
REFERENCES 42

INTRODUCTION 43
Mineralogy
Occurrences
SALINE, ALKALINE LAKE DEPOSITS 45
SOILS AND SURFACE DEPOSITS 47
DEEP-SEA DEPOSITS 47
OPEN-SYSTEM-TYPE DEPOSITS 48
HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS 49
BURIAL DIAGENETIC DEPOSITS 49
ZEOLITES IN IGNEOUS ROCKS 50
REFERENCES 50

INTRODUCTION 53
GEOLOGIC SETTING 54
Modern Closed Basins
Hydrographic Features
Brine Evolution
Weathering Reactions
Chemical Trends
Efflorescent Crusts
Volcanism
MINERAL PATTERNS 50
Pleistocene Lake Tecopa Deposits
Pliocene Big Sandy Formation
Miocene Barstow Formation and Eocene Green River Formation
INTERPRETATION OF MINERAL PATTERNS 65
Formation of Alkalic, Silicic Zeolites from Silicic Glass
Reaction of Alkalic, Silicic Zeolites to Analcime
Reaction of Zeolites to Potassium Feldspar
Hydrochemistry
REFERENCES 73

INTRODUCTION 77
ZEOLITE FORMATION IN SILICIC TEPHRA DEPOSITS 78
ZEOLITE FORMATION IN LOW-SILICA TEPHRA DEPOSITS 82
REFERENCES 84

INTRODUCTION 85
SELECTED ZEOLITE OCCURRENCES FROM THE CIRCUM-PACIFIC AREA 86
New Zealand 86
Japan 89
Western North America 92
British Columbia - Triassic rocks 92
British Columbia - Cretaceous rocks 92
British Columbia - Cretaceous to Eocene rocks 93
Washington to Alaska - Tertiary rocks 94
Washington - Tertiary rocks 94
Oregon - Triassic and Jurassic rocks 94
California - Cretaceous rocks 96
California - Tertiary rocks 97
LITHOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND STABILITY OF ZEOLITE SPECIES 97
Heulandite-group Minerals 97
Lithology 97
Chemistry 99
Stability 99
Analcime 101
Lithology 101
Chemistry 101
Stability 102
Laumontite 102
Lithology 102
Chemistry 102
Stability 102
Less Common Zeolites 104
Wairakite 104
Mordenite 104
Stilbite 105
Other zeolites 106
ZEOLITE REACTIONS 106
Effect of Pressure 107
Effect of Temperature 107
Effect of Parent Material and Bulk Composition 108
Effect of Fluid Chemistry 108
Effect of Permeability 110
Effect of Kinetics 111
REFERENCES 111

INTRODUCTION 115
OCCURRENCE AND MINERALOGY OF PHILLIPSITE AND CLINOPTILOLITE 115
Age of Sediment 115
Type of Sediments 117
Depth of Burial 118
Areal Distribution 118
Associated Authigenic Minerals 118
Mineralogy 119
Phillipsite 120
Clinoptilolite 123
Origin of Phillipsite and Clinoptilolite 125
OTHER ZEOLITES IN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS 127
Analcime 127
Harmotome 129
Laumontite 130
Erionite 130
Zeolites in Volcanic Rocks 130
COMPARISON OF DEEP-SEA ZEOLITE OCCURRENCES WITH OTHER OCCURRENCES 130
Conditions of Formation 130
Distribution of Zeolites 131
Mode of Zeolite Occurrences 131
REFERENCES 131

INTRODUCTION 135
ADSORPTION PROPERTIES 135
CATION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES 137
DEHYDRATION AND DEHYDROXYLATION PHENOMENA 139
REFERENCES 143

INTRODUCTION 145
POLLUTION-CONTROL APPLICATIONS 145
Radioactive Waste Disposal
Sewage-Effluent Treatment
Agricultural-Wastewater Treatment
Stack-Gas Cleanup
Oil-Spill Cleanup
Oxygen Production
ENERGY-CONSERVATION APPLICATIONS 151
Coal Gasification
Natural-Gas Purification
Solar-Energy Use
Petroleum Production
AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS 154
Fertilizers and Soil Amendments
Pesticides, Fungicides, Herbicides
Heavy Metal Traps
Animal Nutrition
Excrement Treatment
Aquacultural Uses
MINING AND METALLURGY APPLICATIONS 159
Exploration Aids
Metallurgical Uses
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS 160
Paper Products
Construction Uses
Medical Applications
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 160
REFERENCES 162